On issues considered sensitive to the EU (including but not limited to: accepting new member states, foreign and security policy, police cooperation), a measure can only be passed if no state votes against it (abstentions are allowed). This is known as "unanimity".

An alternative system of voting used in the EU is "qualified majority". For a decision to pass with a qualified majority, it has to have support from at least55% of EU member states representing no less than 65% of the EU population.

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), also known as the Iran nuclear deal or Iran deal, is an agreement to limit the Iranian nuclear program in return for sanctions relief and other provisions. In May, 2018, Donald Trump backed out of the JCPOA.

On August 5th, 2024, Google lost an anti-trust case brought against it by the US Department of Justice. The court required Google to seek structural remedies, which could include breaking up their business, among other things.

Identity politics refers to political movements and strategies that are based on the shared experiences and identities of marginalized groups, such as race, gender, ethnicity, or sexual orientation.

Carbon credits are certificates that represent the reduction or removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. They are a way to measure and trade emissions reductions, and are used to fund climate action. There are often discussions around their quality, transparency, double countine and their actual ability to reduce emissions.

The Degrowth Movement is a social movement that criticises the political and social need for economies to consistently grow. Degrowth advocates suggest deliberately capping economic growth, or even shrinking the economy primarily in the service of, but not only for, environmental reasons.

Arbitration is a type of dispute resolution in which the contracting parties agree to have their disagreement decided by a third-party arbitrator. A judgment reached through arbitration is final and cannot be challenged or reversed. The alternative to arbitration is litigation, which resolves conflicts through government courts. 

Anti-trust laws prohibit participation in actions that undermine market competition, such as price fixing, monopolization, or collusion with other businesses to manipulate pricing.